Basicity of Slag

Slag Behavior in Gasifiers. Part II: Constitutive Modeling of Slag

The viscosity of slag and the thermal conductivity of ash deposits are among two of the most important constitutive parameters that need to be studied. The accurate formulation or representations of the (transport) properties of coal present a special challenge of modeling efforts in computational fluid dynamics applications. Studies have indicated that slag viscosity must be within a certain r...

Optical basicity of ionic liquids.

The concept of optical basicities initially developed by Duffy for solid oxides was successfully transferred to low melting salts such as ionic liquids (ILs). Several ionic liquids (ILs) were doped with Mn(NTf(2))(2) (NTf(2) = bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) as a probe to investigate the IL anion basicity by means of UV-Vis spectroscopy. The (6)A(1)-->(4)A, (4)E(G) transition band of Mn(2+)...

Photoswitchable basicity through the use of azoheteroarenes.

Azoheteroarene photoswitches offer functional advantages over their more conventional azobenzene counterparts by virtue of their heteroaromatic ring(s). Here we report that azobis(2-imidazole) functions as a photoswitchable base due to the additional proton stabilisation that is possible in the protonated Z isomer, facilitated by the basic imidazole nitrogens. This thermodynamic difference in s...

Brønsted basicity of the air-water interface.

Differences in the extent of protonation of functional groups lying on either side of water-hydrophobe interfaces are deemed essential to enzymatic catalysis, molecular recognition, bioenergetic transduction, and atmospheric aerosol-gas exchanges. The sign and range of such differences, however, remain conjectural. Herein we report experiments showing that gaseous carboxylic acids RCOOH(g) begi...

The Estimation of Slag Properties